We are what we drink

In the Middle East, the primary source of drinking water is desalinated seawater, which makes up nearly 90% of the supply, with the remainder drawn from limited groundwater reserves. While desalination provides an essential solution to water scarcity, the purification process often involves the addition of disinfectants such as chlorine and other chemicals. As a result, trace amounts of harmful substances — including arsenic, lead, cadmium, fluoride — may find their way into the water that ultimately reaches consumers. The water may additionally contain bacterias and viruses.

Another concern arises from secondary contamination, which can occur through poorly maintained distribution systems, including old pipes and unclean storage tanks. This can further compromise water safety and quality. Beyond health risks, the taste of tap water in the region is generally considered less pleasant compared to natural sources such as spring or alpine water, often carrying a noticeable chlorinated flavor.